The Russian government’s Ministry of Education has defended the textbook’s inclusion in the curriculum, arguing that it is essential for countering the “splitting of peoples” and the “spread of mistrust between people.” However, critics assert that the textbook is laden with Kremlin propaganda, with as many as 17 paragraphs devoted to promoting a particular political narrative.

One of the major concerns is the way in which the textbook portrays figures from Russian history. While it highlights figures like Joseph Stalin as “brilliant strategists,” it largely glosses over the extensive repressions that occurred during Stalin’s rule. 

Additionally, the textbook portrays the post-war recovery period in a favourable light while omitting mention of the 1947 famine, which affected large parts of the European territory of the Soviet Union.

Furthermore, the occupied territories of Ukraine are witnessing the militarization of education, aimed at indoctrinating young minds.

This includes the establishment of children’s military-patriotic camps, cadet schools, and the compulsory viewing of Russian patriotic films, which are criticized as thinly veiled propaganda.

One of the most concerning developments is the introduction of military training in Crimea for students as young as fifth graders, with plans to expand this initiative to older students. 

This move has been met with resistance from Ukrainian students and their families, some of whom continue their education through online formats provided by Ukrainian schools or opt for family education.

Many children studying in Ukrainian educational institutions within occupied territories face significant challenges, with some still avoiding enrolling in Russian schools entirely. 

The occupation authorities are reportedly putting pressure on both students and teachers to conform to their educational agenda. Those who resist face consequences, including harassment and threats.

Nevertheless, there is a ray of hope for students in these occupied territories, as graduates can still apply to Ukrainian universities through a remote process. This involves taking Ukrainian language and history exams, providing necessary documents, and submitting applications by September 23, 2023.

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